منابع مشابه
Culture evolves.
Culture pervades human lives and has allowed our species to create niches all around the world and its oceans, in ways quite unlike any other primate. Indeed, our cultural nature appears so distinctive that it is often thought to separate humanity from the rest of nature and the Darwinian forces that shape it. A contrary view arises through the recent discoveries of a diverse range of disciplin...
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Human cultural traits-behaviors, ideas, and technologies that can be learned from other individuals-can exhibit complex patterns of transmission and evolution, and researchers have developed theoretical models, both verbal and mathematical, to facilitate our understanding of these patterns. Many of the first quantitative models of cultural evolution were modified from existing concepts in theor...
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In this article we propose a simple model of a learning machine that evolves. When a classi cation problem is given, a Perceptron-like learning machine obtains a proper set of feature-detecting cells through mating, mutation, and natural selection. Computer simulation showed the expected results. This is one of our trials to approach the evolutionary system in the real world.
متن کاملIncreased longevity evolves from grandmothering.
Postmenopausal longevity may have evolved in our lineage when ancestral grandmothers subsidized their daughters' fertility by provisioning grandchildren, but the verbal hypothesis has lacked mathematical support until now. Here, we present a formal simulation in which life spans similar to those of modern chimpanzees lengthen into the modern human range as a consequence of grandmother effects. ...
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We discuss how small group interactions overcome evolutionary problems that might otherwise erode vengefulness as a preference trait. The basic viability problem is that the fitness benefits of vengeance often do not cover its personal cost. Even when a sufficiently high level of vengefulness brings increased fitness, at lower levels, vengefulness has a negative fitness gradient. This leads to ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0962-8436,1471-2970
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0372